How did the population of Europe change in the modern era compared to the past?

In the modern era, the population of Europe experienced significant growth compared to earlier periods. Several factors contributed to this dramatic increase. Improvements in agriculture, known as the Agricultural Revolution, allowed for better food production and greater food security, which supported larger populations. Advances in medicine and public health during the Industrial Revolution also played a crucial role by reducing mortality rates, particularly among children, thereby increasing life expectancy. Additionally, urbanization brought people into cities where they found new job opportunities, further boosting population numbers. Overall, these transformative changes in society, economy, and health led to a significant rise in Europe's population during the modern era.